Home page

• Reduce unused CSS

  Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

  Est savings of 23 KiB

  Covered by: Unblock the initial render →
  −150 ms
• Reduce JavaScript execution time

  Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

  2.2 s

  Covered by: Cut and defer JavaScript →
  −650 ms
• Reduce unused JavaScript

  Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

  Est savings of 401 KiB

  Covered by: Cut and defer JavaScript →
  −750 ms
• Network dependency tree

  Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

  Covered by: Unblock the initial render →
• Forced reflow

  A forced reflow occurs when JavaScript queries geometric properties (such as offsetWidth) after styles have been invalidated by a change to the DOM state. This can result in poor performance. Learn more about forced reflows and possible mitigations.

  Covered by: Cut and defer JavaScript →
• Legacy JavaScript

  Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

  Est savings of 27 KiB

  Covered by: Cut and defer JavaScript →
  −150 ms

• `[user-scalable="no"]` is used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element or the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is less than 5.

  Disabling zooming is problematic for users with low vision who rely on screen magnification to properly see the contents of a web page. Learn more about the viewport meta tag.

• Issues were logged in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

  Issues logged to the Issues panel in Chrome Devtools indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures, insufficient security controls, and other browser concerns. Open up the Issues panel in Chrome DevTools for more details on each issue.

• ✓
  Canonical URL

  Page has a stable URL to cite
• ✓
  Author identity

  Person/Organization markup found
• ✕
  Publication date

  No publication or modification date in JSON-LD — answer engines deprioritize undated content
• !
  Article schema

  No Article / NewsArticle / BlogPosting schema — limits rich-snippet eligibility
• ✓
  Content depth

  7849 words — substantial for a citation source
• ✓
  Semantic structure

  Uses <main>, <article> or <header>

Schema.org types on this page

Vocabulary the page exposes to search engines and LLMs through JSON-LD blocks.

Top third-party vendors

• vercel-storage.com57 KB
• Sentry474 B